How to use this page
Most valuation questions come down to three numbers: what a business earns, what it owns, and what the market is charging you for both. The calculators below are grouped by the question they answer rather than by formula name, so you can start from where you are.
If you are trying to work out whether a share looks expensive, start with the valuation group — PE ratio, book value, Graham Number and margin of safety. If you already own a position and want to know what you actually keep after costs, use the portfolio and cost group, which accounts for brokerage, securities transaction tax, exchange charges and GST. The tax group covers what is left after capital gains tax. The technical group is for chart-based traders, and the options group handles payoff arithmetic for derivative positions.
Each calculator explains its calculation method and shows the relevant formula or methodology, so you can review the working. Inputs such as earnings per share and book value should come from a company's audited annual report or its filings with the exchanges, not from an estimate, because a valuation model is only as good as the figures fed into it.
How to choose the right calculator
Choose a calculator according to the question you are trying to answer. Different tools use different assumptions, and a result from one method should not be treated as interchangeable with a result from another.
- Valuation: Use PE, price-to-book, Graham Number, DCF and related tools to examine valuation inputs and ratios.
- Returns and portfolio: Use CAGR, XIRR, SIP and cost calculators to understand historical or hypothetical return calculations and transaction costs.
- Technical analysis: Use indicators such as RSI, moving averages and Bollinger Bands to calculate indicator values from the data you enter.
- Options and futures: Use payoff and profit/loss calculators to examine arithmetic outcomes for the assumptions entered. Derivatives involve substantial risk.
- Tax: Use tax calculators as estimates only. Current tax rules, exemptions and rates should be checked against official government sources before filing or making a decision.
Calculator outputs are estimates based on user-entered information. They are not forecasts, personalised recommendations or a substitute for professional financial or tax advice.
Graham Number calculator
The Graham Number comes from Benjamin Graham's writing on defensive stock selection. It combines earnings per share and book value per share into a single figure that Graham treated as an upper limit on what a conservative investor should pay. It is a starting screen, not a price target, and it suits stable, asset-heavy, profitable companies far better than loss-making or asset-light ones.
A worked example, and where the formula breaks down
Take a hypothetical company with earnings per share of ₹50 and book value per share of ₹400. The calculation runs:
- Multiply the constant by earnings:
22.5 × 50 = 1,125 - Multiply by book value per share:
1,125 × 400 = 4,50,000 - Take the square root:
√4,50,000 ≈ 671
So the Graham Number is about ₹671. The constant 22.5 is simply Graham's two ceilings multiplied together: a PE of no more than 15 and a price-to-book of no more than 1.5.
The limits matter as much as the result:
- A single year's earnings can be distorted by one-off gains, write-offs or a weak cycle. Graham himself suggested averaging earnings over several years.
- Book value understates companies whose value sits in brands, software or people, so services and technology firms will almost always screen as expensive.
- Negative earnings or negative book value make the formula undefined.
- The formula says nothing about debt, cash generation, governance or competitive position, all of which can matter more than the ratio.
Treat a result below the market price as a prompt to read the annual report, not as a signal to buy.
Valuation calculators
These tools turn reported financial statement figures into the ratios most commonly used to judge whether a share is cheap or expensive relative to its earnings, assets and growth.
Technical analysis calculators
These compute standard chart indicators from price data you paste in. Indicators describe what prices have already done; they do not forecast what prices will do next, and different settings will give different signals on the same chart.
Options and futures calculators
Derivatives carry a high risk of loss. SEBI's own studies have found that a large majority of individual traders in equity derivatives lose money. Losses on short option and futures positions are not limited to the margin you put up. Contract lot sizes are set by the exchange and revised periodically, so take the current lot size from the NSE contract specification rather than from memory.
SIP and return calculators
These project a corpus from a return rate that you assume. The rate is an input, not a forecast: change it and the answer changes a great deal. Mutual fund investments are subject to market risk, and no return is guaranteed.
Portfolio, cost and risk calculators
Trading costs are the part of a result you can actually control. These tools break a trade down into brokerage, securities transaction tax, exchange turnover charges, SEBI fees, stamp duty and GST, so the net figure is the one you compare.
Capital gains and tax calculators
Tax rates, exemption limits and holding period rules are set by the Finance Act and are amended from time to time. The rates built into these tools reflect our understanding at the date shown on each calculator page; confirm the current position on the Income Tax Department website or with a qualified tax professional before filing.
Formula reference
| Measure | Formula | How it is usually read | What it is for |
|---|---|---|---|
| Graham Number | √(22.5 × EPS × BVPS) | Compared against market price | A conservative upper price limit |
| PE ratio | Price ÷ EPS | Compared with sector peers and own history | Quick valuation reference |
| PEG ratio | PE ÷ EPS growth % | Below 1 is often read as cheap for the growth | Valuing growth companies |
| Margin of safety | (value − price) ÷ value × 100 | Larger discount, more room for error | Allowing for a wrong estimate |
| Dividend yield | Annual DPS ÷ price × 100 | Based on dividends already declared | Income from a holding |
| CAGR | (end ÷ start)^(1/n) − 1 | One smoothed annual rate | Comparing returns over time |
| Return on equity | Net profit ÷ equity × 100 | Read together with leverage | How hard capital is working |
| Debt to equity | Total debt ÷ total equity | Industry-dependent; banks differ entirely | Balance sheet strength |
| Sharpe ratio | (return − risk-free rate) ÷ std dev | Higher means more return per unit of volatility | Comparing portfolios |
| Beta | Cov(stock, index) ÷ Var(index) | Above 1 moves more than the index | Measuring relative volatility |
Frequently asked questions
What is the Graham Number and how is it calculated?
How is the PE ratio calculated?
How is profit on an option position calculated?
What is CAGR and how do I calculate it?
What is the margin of safety in value investing?
Are the results from these calculators investment advice?
Why Indian investors need India-specific calculators
Generic international tools mislead on the details that decide a real result here. Amounts are in rupees and are read in lakhs and crores. Capital gains follow Indian holding period and rate rules. A trade attracts securities transaction tax, exchange turnover charges, a SEBI fee, stamp duty and GST on top of brokerage, and those costs frequently decide whether a small trade was worth doing. Derivative contract sizes are set by the exchange rather than by convention.
The calculators here are built around those rules, and each one names the charge or rate it is applying so you can check it against your broker's contract note or the exchange circular rather than take our word for it.
What these tools can and cannot tell you
A calculator is arithmetic. It can tell you the multiple you are paying, the discount to a value you estimated, the cost of a trade, or the tax on a gain. It cannot tell you whether a business will keep earning what it earned last year, whether management is honest, or whether a price that looks low is low for a good reason.
The most useful way to use this page is as the second step: read the annual report first, then use these tools to put numbers on what you found. A figure below a fair value estimate is the beginning of the research, not the conclusion of it.
Featured calculators
- Graham Number calculator
- Options profit and loss calculator
- PE ratio calculator
- Brokerage and charges calculator
- CAGR calculator
- SIP returns calculator
- Long-term capital gains calculator
- Intrinsic value calculator
- Margin of safety calculator
- Moving average calculator
- Stop-loss calculator
- Dividend yield calculator
Important: Calculator outputs are estimates based on the information and assumptions entered by the visitor. Results may be incomplete or inaccurate if underlying figures, rates, tax rules, charges, contract specifications or other inputs are outdated. Verify important financial and tax information with the relevant official source or a qualified professional.
Written and reviewed by the ByteCalculus editorial team. Last reviewed 15 September 2026. Spotted an error in a formula or a rate? Tell us and we will correct it.